ICSE 7 History
The Turkish Invasion and the Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate
First Battle of Tarain:
- 1191 CE Ghori attacked Prithviraj, the ruler of Delhi, and Ajmer Prithviraj defeated Ghori in the first battle of Tarain.
- Ghori went away after losing to Prithviraj and returned after a year to take revenge.
Fig. Prithviraj
Second Battle of Tarain:
- Prithviraj formed a confederacy of Rajput chiefs to meet the challenge. Unfortunately, the most powerful Rajput ruler of Kanauj, Jaichand, refused to cooperate.
- In the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 between the Rajputs and the Ghoris, Ghori defeated the Rajputs.
- The defeat of Prithviraj marked the end of Rajput rule in North India.
- The kingdom of Delhi passed into the hands of Muhammad Ghori.
- In this way, till 1858, the throne of Delhi was captured by the Muslim ruler.
- Two years after the Second Battle of Tarain, Muhammad attacked Kanauj and killed Jaichand as well.
- Incorporated the Indian territories into his empire and appointed Qutbuddin Aibak as his viceroy before returning to Ghor.
- Qutbuddin captured the fort of Kalinjar in Bundelkhand and Anhilnwara in Gujarat.
- In this way, Ghori's empire was spread to other parts of North India like Mathura, Malwa, and Gwalior.
- Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, another great general of Ghori, captured the whole of Bihar and uprooted the Sena dynasty of Bengal.
- Many Buddhist monasteries and libraries were destroyed by the invaders.
- Some Buddhist monks managed to escape Tibet with manuscripts.
- Muhammad Ghori was neither a skilled soldier nor a patron of the arts like Mahmud, yet some historians consider him the founder of the Turkish kingdom in India.
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