1) Expansion of matter
All 3 states of matter – solid, liquid, gas expands on heating & contracts on cooling.
2) Conversion of states of matter
Melting à Conversion of substance from its solid state to liquid state.
Melting point à Temperature at which substance from its solid state changes into liquid state at a particular pressure. For e.g. M.P of water à 0 ⁰C
Freezing à Conversion of substance from its liquid state to solid state.
Boiling à Conversion of substance from its liquid state to gaseous state at boiling point.
Boiling point à Temperature at particular pressure beyond which substance exists only in gaseous state
Evaporation à Conversion of substance from its liquid state to gaseous state at any temperature below B.P & above M.P of substance
Difference between evaporation & boiling
Evaporation |
Boiling |
Natural Process |
Not Natural process |
Temperature of liquid falls & temperature of substance in contact of liquid also falls |
Temperature of liquid remains constant
|
Condensation à Conversion of substance from its gaseous state to liquid state
Sublimation à Conversion of substance from its solid state into gaseous state directly without passing through liquid state on heating
Deposition à Conversion of substance from its gaseous state into solid state directly without passing through liquid state on cooling
Sublimable substances à Substances which can undergo sublimation & deposition
e.g. Naphthalene, Camphor, Iodine, Ammonium chloride
Do all substances change state on heating? à No, some substances undergo chemical change on heating.
3) Chemical change
Change in which new substance is formed whose chemical composition & properties are different from the original substance.
e.g. Burning of paper, Burning of wax
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