ICSE 10 Chemistry
Chemical Bonding
Ionic bond
The bond formed as a result of transference of electrons from the outermost shell of a metal to the outermost shell of a non-metal is called an ionic bond or electrovalent bond.
1) Ionic bonds are formed between metals and non-metals. Metals lose electrons and non-metals gain electrons.
2) As a result of transference of electrons, ions are formed which are held by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
3) The metals participating in an ionic bond formation should have low ionization potential.
4) The non-metals participating in an ionic bond formation should have high electron affinity.
5) The chemical compounds formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from the outermost shell of a - metal to the outermost shell of non-metal are called .ionic or electrovalent compounds.
The compounds formed by the transference of electrons are called Ionic or electrovalent compounds
6) The properties of the ionic or electrovalent compounds are :
(i) Ionic compounds are hard solids. As their constituent particles are ions which are held by strong electrostatic forces of attraction and hence they cannot be separated easily.
(ii) Ionic compounds have high melting point and boiling point. They are non-volatile solid .in these compounds ions are held by strong electrostatic forces of attraction, o large amount of energy is required to overcome these forces of attraction between the ion .
(iii) Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in their solid state. However, they can conduct electricity in their fused, molten and in their aqueous solution. In solid state, they do not conduct electricity as the ions are not free, they are held by strong electrostatic forces of attraction. However, in their molten state the strong forces of attraction gets weakened and thus, the ions become free to conduct electricity. In aqueous solution, the high dielectric constant overcomes strong electrostatic forces of attraction thus, the. Ions become free to carry the electric current.
(iv) Ionic compounds on dissolving in water allow the passage of electric current through them as the ions become free. Thus, they act as strong electrolytes.
(v) Ionic compounds are soluble in water but they are insoluble in organic solvents. As water ha maximum dielectric constant, therefore it decreases the force of attraction between the ions and thus it forms free ions and hence they dissolve.
(vi) On passing electric current through molten, fused and aqueous solution of ionic compounds, the ions dissociate and migrate towards electrodes.
(vii) Ionic compounds undergo fast reactions in their aqueous solution.
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