Revise notes Class 12 coordination compounds

Revise notes
Class 12 Chemistry
Coordination Compounds

Topics

1. Introduction
2. Double salts
3. Terminology involved
4. Denticity
5. Nomenclature of coordination compounds
6. Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
7. Bonding in coordination compounds
8. Organo-metallic compounds
9. Applications of coordination compounds

Nomenclature of coordination compounds

Like for ionic compounds the naming is done by writing first cation name and then naming anion.

For example: NaCl is ionic and written as sodium chloride that is in name first part is cationic and other is anionic.

In the same way coordination compounds consist of two parts:Cation and anion. While naming,the name of cationic part is written first followed by anionic part. There are certain set of rules that are followed while writing name of cation.

Naming for cationic species: in which coordination sphere is positively charged

Name of cation is written first

Let’s say the coordination sphere is cationic that is with positive charge for example [Co (NH₃)₆] Cl₃ for the naming of coordination entity is done first and later the counter ion .so in given complex the name of [Co (NH₃)₆] is written first than the counter ion Cl

In case of coordination entity: the name of ligands is written first and then the central metal atom. Forexample, in this [Co (NH₃)₆]the name of NH₃ is written first than for Co.
If the ligands are homoleptic than you can write in any manner but if they are heterodetic than the alphabetical order is followed

For example: in complex [Co (NH₃)₅CL] the name of ligands is written in alphabetical order that is for ammine firstand then chloro.

Rules for writing the name of the ligand:

If the ligand names end with ‘ate’ or ‘its‘than e is replaced by o

Like for oxalate it is written as oxalate, sulphite as sulphito

If ligand name end with’ ide ‘than ide is replaced by ‘o ‘

Example for chloride it becomes chlorido

Neutral ligands are name as such like for water it is aqua, for ammonia it is ammine
If more than one ligand is present than alphabetical order is followed and di,tri, tetra is prefixed before the name of ligand.

For example: in complex [Co (NH₃)₆] ligand name will be hexamine that is hexa for 6

For polydentate ligands they include numerical prefix –like di is replaced by bi, tri is replaced by tris, tetra is replaced bytetra is so on

For example: [CoCl₂(en)₂] Cl in this the ligands are dichlorobisethylenediamine

In case of Central metal atom:

Oxidation state of central metal atom is written in numeral after the name of central metal atom

For example: in complex [Co (NH₃)₆] Cl₃it is hexamine cobalt (III) that is cobalt (III) is central metal atom with its Oxidation state in numeral

if complex is cationic than normally the name is used: example is same as given above
if complex is anionic than metal atom name ends with ate

for example: in complex K₃[fe(CN)₆] in this the name is written as potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) that is in this example coordination entity is anionic complex and the name of central metal atom is written with ate followed by Oxidation state in numeral

if complex is neutral than the normal central metal atom name is used

some commonly used ligands:

bromo Br^-
floro F^-
oxo
hydroxo OH^-
cyano CN^-
carbonato CO₃^2-
acetate CH₃COO^-
ammine NH₃
aqua H₂O
nitrosyl NO
carbonyl CO
dioxygen O₂
dinitrogen N₂
pyridine C₅H₅N
ethylene diamine H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂

some examples of iupac naming:

[Cr (NH₃)(H₂O)₃]Cl₃

Triaminetriaquachromium(III)chloride

[Co(en)₃]₂(SO₄)₃

Trisethylenediaminecobalt(III)sulphate

[Ag(NH₃)₂][Ag(CN)₂]

Diamine argentum(i)dicyanoargentate(i)

[Pt (NH₃)₂Cl (NO₂)]

Diaminechloronitroplatinum(III)

K₃[Cr(C₂O₄)₃]

Potassiumtrioxalatochromate(III)

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