Class 11 Physics
Thermodynamics
Internal Energy
- It is defined as the sum of kinetic energies and potential energies of the molecules constituting the system as a whole and not of individual molecule.
- It is macroscopic variable of the system.
- It is denoted by U.
- It is thermodynamic state variable.
- It is an extensive variable as it depends on the size of the system.
- It can be specified by values of pressure, volume and temperature at that particular time.
- It only depends on the state of the system at that particular time.
- It does not depend on how the system has reached that state.
In figure(a) shows a box at rest then the Internal energy of ta gas inside the box is sum of the kinetic and potential energies of its molecules.
In figure (b) if the same box is pushed and it starts moving as a whole with some velocity, the kinetic energy of the box is not to be included in U.
Two different modes to change Internal energy are:-
- Heat
- Work
Heat: - Consider a bottle and a balloon are tied at the neck of the bottle. When we heat the bottle, due to the difference in temperature heat flow takes place, as a result balloon blows up. That is due to transfer of heat kinetic energy and potential energy changes from bottle to the balloon. This results in the change of internal energy.
Work: - We can do some work on the system (in this case system is bottle with a balloon tied) as a result the internal energy of the system changes.
Internal energy increases when the system absorbs heat and some work is done on the system similarly internal energy decreases if we change the conditions.
How Internal energy is different from Work and Heat
- Heat and work are not state variables unlike internal energy.
- They are modes of energy transfer to system resulting in change in internal energy.
Class 11 Physics Thermodynamics NCERT Chapter 11 Free Notes for Best Revision
Revision of Class 11 Physics Thermodynamics is a crucial aspect of effective learning. Revision plays a vital role in the learning process and is especially important before exams. Here are some key points you can consider emphasizing in your content:
- Retention and Memory: Regularly reviewing and revisiting the material of Class 11 Physics Thermodynamics helps reinforce the concepts in students' minds. It strengthens memory pathways, making it easier to recall information during exams and beyond.
- Consolidation of Knowledge: When you revise notes, you are essentially consolidating your knowledge. This means connecting new information with what you already know, making the overall understanding more robust.
- Identifying Knowledge Gaps: Revision allows students to identify any gaps in their understanding or areas where they need further clarification. This gives you a chance to seek help or delve deeper into those topics. For detailed understanding, you can always refer to the videos of Thermodynamics Class 11 Physics NCERT Chapter 11 on LearnoHub.com
- Building Confidence: As you revise Thermodynamics Class 11 Physics and become more familiar with the content, your confidence in your abilities grows. Confidence is a crucial factor in exam performance as it reduces anxiety and allows you to approach exams with a positive mindset.
- Different Revision Techniques: Use a variety of revision techniques such as summarizing notes, creating flashcards, practicing past papers, discussing concepts with peers, and teaching others. Different techniques work for different students, and it's essential to find what suits you the best. You can also attend the LIVE Revision classes on LearnoHub.com or watch the LIVE Revision Race videos of LearnoHub on Thermodynamics Class 11 Physics NCERT Chapter 11.
- Spacing Effect: Spacing out revision sessions over time, rather than cramming all at once, has been shown to improve long-term retention. Create a revision schedule leading up to the exams to allow for spaced practice.
- Regular Revision over Cramming: Regular and consistent revision throughout the academic year is very important. Waiting until the last moment to cram everything can be overwhelming and less effective than spaced-out revision.
- Self-Assessment: Assess your understanding periodically through quizzes or self-tests. This helps you to gauge your progress and identify areas that need further attention. Refer Class 11 Thermodynamics Online Tests.
- Balanced Approach: Remind students to strike a balance between revision and other activities. Adequate rest, exercise, and relaxation are essential for optimal learning and performance.
- Seeking Help: If you face difficulties during the revision process, Refer the videos of Class 11 Physics Thermodynamics. Clearing doubts promptly is crucial for a better grasp of the subject matter. You can always ask your doubts on Thermodynamics Class 11 Physics NCERT Chapter 11. “Ask a Question” section of LearnoHub.com
By highlighting the benefits and strategies of effective revision, you can approach your studies more mindfully and achieve better results in your exams. Best of luck bachhon!
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Always remember, it is very important to study with full concentration during Revision. Here are a few tips for you on how to revise with full focus:
- Create a Distraction-Free Environment: Find a quiet and comfortable place to study where you can minimize distractions. Turn off or silence your phone, log out of social media accounts, and inform others around you that you need uninterrupted study time. A dedicated study environment will help you focus better.
- Set Specific Goals: Before starting your study session, set clear and achievable goals. Break down your study material into smaller tasks, and plan what you want to accomplish during each session. Having specific goals will give you a sense of direction and purpose, making it easier to concentrate.
- Use the Pomodoro Technique: The Pomodoro Technique is a time management method that involves studying in short, focused intervals, typically 25 minutes, followed by a short break of 5 minutes. After completing four sessions, take a longer break of around 15-30 minutes. This technique can improve focus and productivity by providing regular breaks to recharge.
- Stay Organized: Keep your study materials, notes, and resources well-organized. Having everything you need at hand will save time and reduce distractions caused by searching for materials. Use color-coded folders or digital tools to maintain a structured study system.
- Practice Mindfulness and Meditation: Before you begin studying, take a few minutes to practice mindfulness or meditation. Deep breathing exercises and clearing your mind of distractions can help you approach your study session with a calm and focused mindset.
Remember, studying with full concentration is a skill that takes time and practice to develop. If you find your mind wandering during study sessions, gently bring your focus back to the task at hand and be patient with yourself. With consistent effort, you can improve your ability to concentrate and make the most of your study time.
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