Answer the following questions. 

(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?

(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today. 

(iii) Why is land considered an important resource? 

(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals. 

(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water. 

Tick the correct answer. 

(i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation? 

(a) time 

(b) soil texture 

(c) organic matter 

 

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes? 

(a) shelter belts

(b) mulching 

(c) terrace cultivation 

 

(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature? 

(a) switch off the bulb when not in use 

(b) close the tap immediately after using 

(c) dispose polypacks after shopping 

Match the following: 

(i) Land use             (a) prevent soil erosion 

(ii) Humus                 (b) narrow zone of contact between the lithosphere,

                                        hydrosphere and atmosphere 

(iii) Rock dams         (c) productive use of land 

(iv) Biosphere          (d) organic matter deposited on top soil 

            (e) contour ploughing 

State whether the given statement is true or false. If true, write the reasons.

(i) Ganga–Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region. 

(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining. 

(iii) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping. 

(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.