NCERT Solutions
Class 12 Physics
Nuclei

Q.1
(a) Two stable isotopes of lithium (63Li) and (73Li) have respective abundances of 7.5% and 92.5%. These isotopes have masses 6.01512 u and 7.01600 u, respectively. Find the atomic mass of lithium.
(b) Boron has two stable isotopes, (105B) and (115B). Their respective masses are 10.01294 u and 11.00931 u, and the atomic mass of boron is 10.811 u. Find the abundances of 105B and 115B.
Given:
Mass of (63Li) lithium isotope, m1 = 6.01512 u
Mass of (73Li) lithium isotope, m2 = 7.01600 u
Abundance of (63Li), η1 =7.5%
Abundance of (73Li), η2= 92.5%
The atomic mass of lithium atom is given as:
m =
=
=6.940934 u
(b) Mass of boron isotope (105B), m1 = 10.01294 u
Mass of boron isotope (115B), m2 = 11.00931 u
Abundance of (105B), η1 = x%
Abundance of (115B), η2= (100 − x) %
Atomic mass of boron, m = 10.811 u.
The atomic mass of boron atom is given as:
m =
10.811 =
108.11 = (10.01294x + 1100.931 – 11.00931x)
Therefore, x = 19.8210.99637
=19.89%
And 100 − x = 80.11%
Hence, the abundance of (105B) is 19.89% and that of (115B) is 80.11%.