NCERT Solutions
Class 11 Maths
Probability

Ex.16.2 Q.6
Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows:
A: getting an even number on the first die.
B: getting an odd number on the first die.
C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice ≤ 5.
Describe the events
(1) A′
(2) not B
(3) A or B
(4) A and B
(5) A but not C
(6) B or C
(7) B and C
(8) A ∩ B′ ∩ C′
When a pair of dice is rolled, the sample space is given by:
S = {(x, y): x comes from 1st dice and y comes from 2nd dice and x, y = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
= {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6)
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6)
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6)
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6)
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
Now, A: getting an even number on the first die.
A = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4),
(4, 5), (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
B: getting an odd number on the first die.
B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5),
(3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}
C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice ≤ 5
C = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1)}
Now,
(1) A’ = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5),
(3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}
(2) Not B = B’ = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4),
(4, 5), (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} = A
(3) A or B = A U B
= {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6)
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6)
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6)
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6)
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)
= S
(4) A and B = A ∩ B = ф
(5) A but not C = A – C = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
(6) B or C = B U C = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1),
(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (5, 1), (5, 2) , (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}
(7) B and C = B ∩ C = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2)}
(8) C’ = {(1, 5), (1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4),
(4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
So, A ∩ B’ ∩ C’ = A ∩ A ∩ C’ = A ∩ C’ = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4),
(4, 5), (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}