NCERT Solutions
Class 11 Biology
Plant Kingdom

Q.9
Differentiate between the following:-
(i) red algae and brown algae
(ii) liverworts and moss
(iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte
(iv) syngamy and triple fusion
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RED ALGAE |
BROWN ALGAE |
1 |
Pigments |
Chlorophyll a , d and rphycoerythrin |
Chlorophyll a, c and fucoxanthin |
2 |
Stored food |
Floridean starch |
Mannitol and laminarin |
3 |
Cell wall |
Cellulose, pectin and phycocolloids |
Cellulose and algin |
4 |
Flagella |
Absent |
2 flagella which are unequal in size and lateral in position |
5 |
Thylakoids |
Unstacked |
Occurs in group of three |
6 |
Class |
Rhodophycaeae |
Phaeophyceae |
7 |
Hydrocolloids |
Carrageen |
Algin |
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LIVERWORTS |
MOSS |
1 |
Veins on leaves |
Do not have veins |
Have veins |
2 |
Leaf arrangement |
Leaves have lobes and cilia arranged in two rows. |
Leaves are serrated and spirally arranged. |
3 |
Sporophyte |
Less elaborate |
More elaborate |
4 |
Gemmae |
Present |
Absent |
5 |
Gametophytic plant body |
May be thallose or foliose |
Differentiated into prostrate, branched filamentous, |
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thalloid protonema and leafy erect gametophores. |
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HOMOSPOROUS PTERIDOPHYTE |
HETEROSPOROUS PTERIDOPHYTE |
1 |
Spores |
They bear same types of spores. |
They bear two different kinds of spores namely megaspore and microspore. |
2 |
Gametophyte |
They produce bisexual gametophyte. |
They produce unisexual gametophyte. Megaspores produce female gametophyte and male gametophyte is produced from microspore. |
3 |
Example |
Lycopodium |
Selaginella |
4 |
Spore germination |
Spores germinate in soil and produce independent gametophyte. |
Spores germinate in sporangia and produce dependent gametophyte. |
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SYNGAMY |
TRIPLE FUSION |
1
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Definition |
Fusion of male and female gamete to form zygote in angiosperms. |
Fusion of male gamete with diploid secondary nucleus to form triploid primary endosperm nucleus in angiosperms. |
2 |
Embryo development |
Zygote develops into embryo. |
Primary endosperm nucleus develops into endosperm which provides nourishment to the developing embryo. |
3 |
Fertilization |
Generative fertilization |
Vegetative fertilization |
4 |
Zygote ploidy |
Diploid zygote |
Triploid primary endosperm cell |