NCERT Solutions

Class 11 Biology

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

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Q.11

List the main differences between mitosis and meiosis.

 

MITOSIS

MEIOSIS

Definition

A single division results in two daughter cells.

It involves two successive divisions – meiosis I and meiosis II. It results in the formation of four daughter cells.

Prophase 

It is short and there are no subphases.

It is very long since it has five phases – leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.

Complexes formed during prophase

No pairing of chromosomes, crossing over or chiasmata formation during prophase.

In zygotene stage of prophase, pairing of chromosomes occurs. Crossing over occurs during pachytene. Chiasmata is formed during diplotene stage.

Synaptonemal complex

Not formed.

It is formed during zygotene stage of prophase I.

Anaphase

It involves the separation of the chromatids of each chromosome.

During anaphase I, homologous chromosomes separate and chromatids remain attached to the centromere. During anaphase II, the chromatids separate as a result of the splitting of the centromere.

Functions

Healing, repair and growth of a cell.

It brings about variation and maintains the chromosome number from generation to generation.

Types of cells

It occurs in somatic cells and may continue throughout life.

It occurs in reproductive cells and at specific times.

Type of division

Equational division because the daughter cells have the same diploid number of chromosomes as the parent.

Reductional division (meiosis I) because the chromosome number is reduced to half. Equational division (meiosis II) because the sister chromatids separate and the chromosome number remains the same.

Video solution:

Cell Cycle and Cell Division Class 11 Biology NCERT Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions

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