NCERT Solutions
Class 10 Social Science
Manufacturing Industries
Q3.
Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?
(i) An integrated steel plant is large and controls in one complex which includes putting raw material together to making steel, shaping and rolling it.
On the other hand, mini steel plants are smaller. They have electric furnace, re-rollers using steel ingots and they use steel scrap and sponge iron. They are used to produce mild and alloy steel of certain specifications.
Problems faced by the industry are as follows:
- Availability of unskilled labour having lower productivity.
- Irregularity in power supply
- Poor infrastructure
- Limited availability of coal.
Recent developments leading to the rise in production capacity are as follows:
- FDI through private entrepreneurs.
- Implementing newer technologies.
- Improving the process of production by using advanced machineries and technologies.
(ii) Industries plays a major role when it comes polluting the environment. They lead to air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, land pollution as well as noise pollution.
- Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
- Release of untreated chemicals into the water bodies leads to water pollution.
- Release of hot water from factories and thermal plants into the water bodies before cooling leads to thermal pollution of water.
- Dumping of harmful chemicals, biohazardous wastes, packaging, effluents from industries in the soil can lead to land pollution and pollute the soil.
- Noise pollution is caused by the sounds produced by the industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills.
(iii) 1. Drawing of underground water for industrial purpose should dealt legally due to the threat to ground water resources.
2. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
3. Oil or gas can be used instead of coal in factories to control the production of smoke.
4. Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers. They can also be redesigned in order to increase their energy efficiency and reduce the amount of noise produced.
5. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilization.