Torque is a measure of the rotational force acting on an object. It is a vector quantity defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the perpendicular distance from the point of application of the force to the axis of rotation. Mathematically, torque (τ) is given by the equation:

τ = r × F

where τ represents torque, r is the position vector from the axis of rotation to the point of application of force, and F is the magnitude of the force applied.