Agriculture is a primary economic activity that involves cultivating the land, producing crops, and raising livestock.The success of agricultural activities is closely tied to the geographical features of the area, particularly the topography of the soil and the climate.

Favorable Topography and Climate:

• The choice of crops and the type of farming greatly depend on the topography of the soil and the climate of the region.
• Different crops and livestock thrive in specific environmental conditions, emphasizing the importance of favorable topography and climate for agricultural success.

Farm System:

• Agriculture can be viewed as a system with interconnected components.

• Inputs:

  • Seeds, fertilizers, machinery, and labor are crucial inputs in the agricultural system.
  • The selection of these inputs depends on factors such as soil quality, climate, and the type of crops or livestock being raised.

• Operations:

  • Essential operations in farming include ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding, and harvesting.
  • These operations are carefully planned and executed to ensure a successful agricultural yield.

• Outputs:

  • The outputs from the farm system are diverse and include crops, wool, dairy products, and poultry.
  • These outputs serve as the tangible results of the agricultural process.

Types of Farming:

• Two main types of farming are subsistence farming and commercial farming.
• Subsistence Farming:
  • Classified into intensive subsistence and primitive subsistence farming.
  • Intensive Subsistence Farming:
    • Characterized by high labor input and small farm sizes.
    • Farmers focus on producing enough for their family's survival.
  • Primitive Subsistence Farming:
    • Involves simple tools and techniques.
    • Farmers produce primarily for their own consumption.