Polarization is a characteristic of specific electromagnetic radiations, where the orientation and strength of the oscillating electric field follow a defined relationship.

Light waves, being transverse in nature, feature an electric vector oscillating perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

When unpolarized light traverses, its waves align in the same direction, with electric vectors randomly oriented about the axis of propagation.

Plane-polarized light, on the other hand, comprises waves with consistent vibrational directions.