A dipole generally refers to a pair of electric charges or magnetic poles of equal magnitude but opposite sign, separated by a distance. There are electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles.

1. Electric Dipole:

   • Definition: An electric dipole consists of two point charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign separated by a distance.
   • Formula for Electric Dipole Moment (p): p=q⋅dp=q⋅d, where qq is the magnitude of each charge, and dd is the separation between them.
   • Unit: The unit of electric dipole moment is Coulomb-meter (C·m).

2. Magnetic Dipole:

   • Definition: A magnetic dipole is a pair of magnetic poles (north and south) separated by a distance.
   • Formula for Magnetic Dipole Moment (m): m=I⋅Am=I⋅A, where II is the current circulating in a loop and AA is the area of the loop.
   • Unit: The unit of magnetic dipole moment is Ampere-square meter (A·m²).