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Question:
Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from (i) 1-butanol (ii) 1-chlorobutane (iii) but-1-ene.
Answer:

 

CCl4 is a symmetrical molecule. Therefore, the dipole moments of all four C-Cl bonds become neutral or cancel each other. Hence, its resultant dipole moment is zero.

In CHCl3, the resultant of dipole moments of two C-Cl bonds is opposed by the resultant of dipole moments of one C-H bond and one C-Cl bond are shown in above figure.  The resultant of one C-H bond and one C-Cl bond dipole moments is smaller than two C-Cl bonds, the opposition is to a small extent. As a result, CHCl3 has a small dipole moment of 1.08 D.

On the other hand, in case of CH2Cl2, the resultant of the dipole moments of two C-Cl bonds is stronger by the formation of the dipole moments of two C-H bonds. So, CH2Cl2 has a higher dipole moment of 1.60 D than CHCl3 i.e., CH2Cl2 has the highest dipole moment.

Hence, the given compounds can be arranged in the increasing order of their dipole moments as:

CCl4 < CHCl3 < CH2Cl2

 

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