Cancer cells differ from normal cells in the following aspects-
- They grow when stimulated by external signals and can stimulate their own growth.
- Have inactivated tumor-suppressor genes and so avoids signals ordering them to stop dividing.
- Does not undergo apoptosis or the process of programmed cell death.
- They can multiply indefinitely, and are said to be “immortal.”
- Simulates the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) to support tumors increasing size.
- Can break away from their site of origin and may invade surrounding local tissue and spread to distant parts of the body (metastasis).
- They can evade the immune system by using “checkpoints” to prevent T cells from attacking tumors.