Apologies for the confusion in my previous response. Let me provide a more accurate definition of absolute error.

Absolute error is a measure of the magnitude of the difference between the actual or true value of a quantity and the measured or estimated value. It is a positive value that indicates how far off the measured value is from the true value without considering the direction of the deviation.

Mathematically, the absolute error (AE) for a quantity "x" can be expressed as:

Absolute Error (AE) = |True Value - Measured Value|

where:

• "True Value" refers to the exact or accepted value of the quantity.
• "Measured Value" refers to the value obtained through measurement or estimation.