1. Dynamic Equilibrium: In dynamic equilibrium, a system is experiencing continuous change, yet the net change is zero. It is a balance between opposing processes that are occurring simultaneously. While individual components within the system may be changing, the overall system remains constant. This concept is often associated with reversible chemical reactions or phase changes. An example of dynamic equilibrium is the equilibrium between the melting and freezing of water at its freezing point.

Key characteristics of dynamic equilibrium include:

• Stable State: The system maintains a stable state over time, even though there is constant activity within it.

• Equal Rates: The rates of the forward and reverse processes are equal, resulting in a constant concentration or property of the system.

• No Net Change: While individual molecules or particles may be moving or changing, there is no overall net change in the observable properties of the system.