Question:
1. Calculate the temporary hardness and permanent hardness of water in ppm from the following results: i) Mg(HCO3)2 = 16.8 mg/L; MgCl2 = 19
Answer:
1.The bicarbonates cause temporary hardness, as on boiling, insluble carbonates are formed, & later do not interfere with lathering of soap. so add the two terms of Ca/Mg concentrations to temporary hardness .
2.The chlorides cannot be removed by boiling- so cause permanent hardness. So add up these ion concentrations of Mg++ &Ca++, convert to the hardness
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