In Gymnosperms, the cone is female reproductive part and pollen is male reproductive part. They are naked seeds as they are exposed on upper surface of cone scales, such as in pine cones. A pollen grain is carried out by winds to appropriate eggs, where the growth of pollen tubes through this tissue brings sperm to eggs. Gymnosperms are usually of large size with much secondary growth, leaves are usually evergreen needle or scales.

In Pteridophytes,  the spsporophyte has a double set of chromosmes and asexual part of life cycle. At maturity, sporophyte develops specialized structures of varying complexity on leaves called sporangia in which spores are produced.