Question:
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACID AND BASE ON THE BASIS OF THEIR PROPERTIES
Answer:
| Acid | Base | |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Arrhenius Definition: An acid is any chemical compound which when dissolved in water gives a solution with a hydrogen ion activity greater than in pure water. Bronstead Lowry Definition: An acid is an substance which donates a proton. | Arrhenius Definition: A base is an aqueous substance that can accept hydrogen ions. Bronstead Lowry Definition: A base is any substance which accepts a proton. |
| pH (measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution) | Less than 7.0. | Greater than 7.0 and could go up to 14 in case of stronger bases. |
| Physical characteristics | Depending on the temperature, acids can occur in solid, liquid or gaseous form. Taste sour. | Bases feel slippery because of the reaction of the base with the oils of your hand. Frequently solids except ammonia which is a gas. Taste bitter. |
| Strength | depends on concentration of the hydronium ions | depends on concentration of the hydroxide ions |
| Phenolphthalein | remains colorless | Makes it pink |
| Other Properties | Electrolytes, conduct electricity (because electrolytes), react with many metals. | Electrolytes, conduct electricity, ranges from insoluble to so soluble that they can react with water vapor. |
| Dissociation | Acids free hydrogen ions (H+) when mixed with water. | Bases free hydroxide ions (OH-) when mixed with water. |
| Chemical Formula | An acid has a chemical formula with H at the beginning of it. For example, HCl (Hydrochloric Acid). There is one exception to his rule, CH3COOH = Acetic Acid (vinegar) | A base has a chemical formula with OH at the end of it. For example, NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide). |
| Examples | Acetic acid i.e.CH3COOH and Sulfuric acid | Sodium Hydroxide (NAOH) and Ammonia (NH3) |
| Litmus test | Acids change litmus paper red. | Bases change litmus paper blue. |
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