The human digestive system is explained below with its different organs - 

Mouth

The mouth is the starting of the digestive tract where digestion starts. Chewing breaks the food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion) that are easiy to digest. The saliva mixes with food and it also contains the enzyme ptyalin which can break the large sugars into smaller forms.

In the throat near the trachea, the esophagus is located, which receives food from your mouth. By means of a series of muscular contractions called as peristalsis, the esophagus passes the food into the stomach.

Stomach

The stomach is a hollow bag. It has a very acidic pH. As a result of this the labile bonds in the proteins and sugars break, leading to further breakage of food particles. Stomach also contains the enzyme pepsin which helps to digest the proteins. When the contents of the stomach are sufficiently processed, they are released into the small intestine.

Small intestine

The small intestine is made up of 3 layers, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It contains enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin which breaks down food to the maximum possible with the help of bile from the liver. Peristalsis also takes place in this organ. The duodenum is largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process, with the jejunum and ileum mainly responsible for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Contents of the small intestine starts from a semi-solid form till the end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Once the nutrients have been absorbed and the leftover-food residue liquid has passed through the small intestine, it then moves on to the large intestine, or colon.

Pancreas

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine. These enzymes break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. The pancreas also synthesizes insulin, secreting it directly into the bloodstream. Insulin is responsible for metabolism of sugar.

Liver

Liver main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat. It also absorbs some of the raw materials absorbed by the intestine and makes all the various chemicals needed for the body. The liver also detoxifies potentially harmful chemicals. 

Gallbladder

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, and then releases it into the duodenum.

Colon (large intestine)

The large intestine is a highly specialized organ that is responsible for processing waste and emptying the bowels.

Stool, or waste left over from the digestive process, is passed through the colon by means of peristalsis.

Rectum

Rectum is involved in receiving stool from the colon.

Anus

The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. The anus is surrounded by sphincter muscles that are important in allowing control of stool. These allow the stool to pass out when it can be done and not otherwise. So it helps in the regulation of the passage for stool.